Engine-valve.



D. DUFFY.

ENGINE VALVE. APPLICATION FILED AUGJ. 1912.

1,142,316. Patented June 8, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

:I 4 7 3% I Q 5- Q is I 1 N w I l5 l3 2 WITNESSES IJWENTOR David DuF'FY I v mas/vars D. DUFFY.

ENGINE VALVE.

APPLICATION FILED AUGJ, 1912.

Patented June 8, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WIT HESS/2'8 ATTORNEYS ENGINE VALVE.

APPLICATION HLED AUG-7, 1912.

l 1 42, 3 1 6 Patented June 8, 1915.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

,i I 22 Z 22 26 I I 7lf7lip/[or J David 4 W 0522/ ATTORNEYS DAVID DUFFY, or new YORK, 11. Y., assrenoa 'ro JOHN P. crimson, or BROOKLYN NEW YORK.

ENGINE-VALVE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 8, 1915.

Application filed August 7, 1912. Serial No. 713,731.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DAVID DUFFY, a cit1- zen of the United States, and a'resident of the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Engine Valve, of which the following is a ful clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to engine construction, and particularly to an improved valve and associated mechanism forming a combination which causes the valve or port openings to function in proper timed relationshi to the reciprocation of the piston, contro 'ng the fluid or explosive mixture during the different strokes or cycles by positively acting valve mechanism, without the use of puppet valves or the like for such puroses.

Another object is to provide a rotating sleeve in which are a number of ports or valve openings which form the active element of the valve mechanism for opening or closing passages for the admission and exhaust on the proper strokes or cycles.

A still further object of this invention'is to provide a rotating valve sleeve, in which ways or grooves are formed co-acting with one or more extension pins or studs, attached to and projecting from the piston, so that power necessary for the operation or rotation of the sleeve is transmitted from the piston to the walls of the ways or grooves in the valve sleeve for the operation or rotation thereof.

A further object of this invention is to reduce the number of parts connected with the valve mechanism of a four cycle engine, and to simplify the connection between the piston and valve mechanism.

In carrying out the objects of this invention, an engine is provided formed with any desired number of cylinders, each of which is provided with an intake and exhaust port. A rotating sleeve is provided for each cylinder which surrounds the piston and forms in a certain sense a pressure cylinder. The rotating sleeve is provided with a plurality of ports or valve openings designed to register at exact times with the inlet and exhaust ports or valve openings in the cylinder and cylinder-head for causing a proper intake and exhaust during the cycles, or strokes of the piston. In order to accomplish these results a part of the interior, nearly the lower half, and approximatel the length of the piston stroke, is forms with cam surfaces or a continuous way or groove extending around the whole circumference of the sleeve. This continuous way comprises a pluraht of vertical ways or grooves connected y ways of nearly diagonal pitch,

thus forming a continuous path which coacting with one or more studs or pins attached to and extending from the piston, Wlll cause the sleeve to rotate a determined number of degrees at each stroke of the piston, the number of degrees of the sleeves rotation belng regulated to the ratio with the mlet and outlet ports of its own cylinder, and cylinder-head, and the valve ports or openings in the sleeve.

A practical embodiment of the invention s represented in the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in WlllCh similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

F lgure l is a longitudinal vertical section through an engine embodying the features of the invention; Fig. 2 is a section through F 1g 1 on the line 22; Fig. 3 is a section similar to Fig. 2 except that the sleeve has been shown in an advanced or different pos1t1on; Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the ways or grooves formed in the sleeve, show mg the ports or valve openings and the diagonal o1l grooves; Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view showing the relative position of the ports at the completion of the exhaust stroke and immediately before the intake; Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 but showing the position of the ports at the completion of the admission stroke of the piston; Fig. 7 shows the position of the ports at the completion of the compression stroke; Fig. 8 shows the position of the ports on the completion of the explosion stroke; and Fig. 9 shows the position of the ports immediately upon the completion of the exhaust stroke, the position of the ports in this figure being assumed immediately after the position assumed in Fig. 8.

Referring to the accompanying drawings by numerals, 1 indicates a cylinder having a water jacket 2. The cylinder 1 has connected at the upper end thereof a head 3 provided with a water jacket. The head 3 has also depending therefrom a collar or ring 5 provided with a water jacket which is in connection with the Water jacket 2 through the water jacket of the head 3 so that there will be a proper circulation of water or other cooling fluid. Arranged 1n the head 3 at any convenient point 1s a priming cock or valve (not shown) and a spark plug arranged preferably at the lowermost point. The depending collar or ring 5 is provided with two ports or valve openings, 6 and 7, which are posltioned on the same horizontal plane or line as those in the cylinder 1, which will be heremafter fully described. The ring or collar 5 acts as a screen for the ports 9, 10, and 11 formed in the sleeve 8 so as to protect them from injury during the high temperature period of explosion.

In constructing the valve sleeve-8, the same is provided with ports 9, 10, and 11, each of substantially the same dimenslons and on the same horizontal plane with their centers set at an angle of 120 apart, these ports co-acting with the intake and exhaust ports 6, 6, and 7, 7 as w1ll be hereinafter. fully described. The sleeve 8 18 designed to extend from the head 3 down below the lower end of the cylinder '1 and at the lower outside end has secured thereto in any de sired way an antifriction ring 12 carrying antifriction members 13 which bear against the lower end of the cylinder 1 andagainst a bearing washer 14. This construction prevents any longitudinal movement of the valve sleeve but permits a free rotary movement thereof. In order to provide 'a tight joint between the sleeve 8 and the cylinder 1, a plurality of packing rings 15 are provided. Connected to the piston 16 are a plurality of studs or ins 17, in the drawing one being shown, ut a greater number could be used if desired. These studs or pins 17 are securely attached to the piston 16 and extend out from it into ways 18 formed in the sleeve 8 so that when acting on the walls of the ways 18 the sleeve will be rotated, the amount of rotation depending on the movement of the piston and the angle or pitch of the walls of the grooves or ways 18. When the studs or pins 17 are at the top of the ways 18 or at the bottom thereof, the piston 16 is at one of its extreme positions. At or adjacent the end of the grooves, that is, the top or bottom thereof, the structure or design is such as to positively insure the transfer of the pins or studs 17 to the next succeeding way or groove, which permits the rotation to be always in one direction, there being two rotative impulses given to the sleeve 8 during each cycle or stroke of the piston 16. In order to cause the pins to be positively transferred, one of the grooves slightly overlaps the next adjacent groove so that in traveling to the extreme upper end of the groove or the extreme lower end thereof, the pins 17 will move past the beginning of the next succeeding groove. In connection with the grooves it will be noticed especially from Fig. 4, that a plurality of diagonally arranged oil or lubricating rooves 18' are provided which extend rom near the upper edge of the sleeve 8 to the upper portion of the grooves or ways 18.

- In constructing the cylinder 1 with its water jacket, admission and exhaust ports 6' and 7' are provided and are located on the same horizontal line with the greatest length in a vertical plane, their distance apart corresponding to the admission and exhaust ports 6 and 7 in the head 3. The lower part of the cylinder 1 is finished or machined so as to form a proper bearin surface for the antifriction members 13. n the formation of the cylinder and its support, the same may be constructed 'in any way, but the form which is shown in Fig. 1 is desirable as the supports are arranged near the center of gravity. By this design the usual vibration experienced in internal combustion engines is reduced as the top end is not allowed to vibrate to the same extent as when the engine is supported from its base or lower end.

In order to make the construction and operation clear, a description of the action of the engine during four complete cycles will be given.

Referring more particularly -to Figs. 4; to 9 inclusive, the operation of the sleeve and its connection with the piston will be ob served. Assuming that the piston 16 is in the position shown in Fig. 1, and the sleeve 8 is in the position shown in Fig. 5, the engine is ready to receive or to admit an explosive mixture. If one of the ins 17 was stationed at the point 19 (Fig. 4 the downward stroke of the piston 16 will cause the pin to press against the wall 20 suificiently to cause the sleeve 8 to rotate until the pin or stud reaches the point 21, the rotation being approximately fifteen degrees. This will cause the port 9 in the sleeve 8 to be in full register with the ports 6' and 6 in the cylinder 1 and cylinder-head 3, and on the pin 17 passing 21 the sleeve 8 will cease to rotate, due to the pin 17 moving in a direction parallel to the groove 18 until the point 22 is reached where the pin 17 starts to press on the wall 23 of the groove 18 and continues to press against said wall until the pin 17 reaches the point 24: or adjacent thereto, when the sleeve 8 will have completed the second period of rotation, both of which totals thirty degrees, thereby closingthe port or valve opening at the end of the first stroke or admission cycle, when the ports 9, 10 and 11 in the sleeve 8 will be in the positions shown in Fig. 6. On reversal of the motion of the piston 16, the pin 17 will engage on the wall 25 of the groove 18, causing the sleeve 8 to rotate fifteen degrees by the time the pin 17 has passed 26, when the pin 17 will run idle, due to the way 18 living parallel to the line of motion of the iston 16 until the pin 17 reaches the point 27, where it will start to exert a pressure on the wall. 28 of the groove 18 until the pin 17 reaches the point 29 or adjacent thereto, when the sleeve 8 will have rotated fifteen degrees, and completed the -compression stroke or cycle, when the ports 9, l0 and 11 in the tube 8 will be in the approximate positions shown in the drawing of Fig. 7. On the reversal of the motion of piston 16, which will be the start of the power stroke or explosion cycle, the pin 17 will engage or press on the wall 20 causing the sleeve 8 to rotate fifteen degrees by the time the pin 17 reaches 21 when rotation ceases due to the way or groove 18 being parallel to the .line of motion of the pin 17, until the pin 17 reaches the point 22 where rotation of the sleeve 8 commences, by the pressure of the pin 17 on the wall 23 until the pin 17 reaches the point 2st or adjacent thereto, where it will have passed through fifteen degrees, at the end of the power or explosion stroke or cycle, with the ports or valve openings 9, 10 and 11 in the sleeve 8 in the positions shown in Fig. 8. On reversal of the motion of the piston 16, the pin 17 will press on the wall 25 of the groove 18 until the pin 17 passes 26, whereupon the sleeve 8 will have rotated fifteen degrees,.or in such aposition as will cause the port 10 in the sleeve 8 to be in full-register with the ports or valve openings 7 and 7 in the cylinder-head 3 and cylinder 1 respectively, the pin 17 passing through the way 18 Without causing rotation of the sleeve 8 until it reaches the point 27 where rotation is again given to the sleeve 8 by the pressure of the pin 17 on the wall 28, until the pin 17 reaches the point 529 when the sleeve 8 will have rotated fifteen degrees, thus closing the exhaust ports 7 in the cylinder-head 3 and the port. 7 in the cylinder 1, also port 10 in the sleeve The ports in the sleeve 8 will then be in the approximate positions shown in Fig. 9, thus completing a full set of four cycles, namely admission, compression, explosion and exhaust.

()ne complete operation has been described, namely, the action during four cycles, but it will be evident that the action oi the various parts will be similar during the continued operation of the device.

It will be noted that there are twelve slots or grooves 18 so that upon each stroke of the piston the sleeve 8 must rotate thirty degrees and the port openings must therefore move thirty degrees. It will be evident that by changing th' angle of the grooves or ways 18 the size of the port openings could be varied and also the speed of rotation of the sleeve 8 could be varied. In the drawings there are shown twelve ways 18 so that the ports are necessarily limited to fifteen degrees in width, though the same could be made smaller. It will be evident that any considerable enlargement in the size of the ports would require a change in the number of ways 18, so that there will be a certain ratio between the Ways 18 and the ports. In connection with the ways 18 and the studs or pins 17, it will be observed that the studs press against the wall 23 until the same has passed point 2% during the down stroke, and on the latter part of the up stroke presses against wall 28 until the stud has passed point 20. This will insure a proper engagement of the stud or pin and the Walls of the ways or grooves during the reciprocation of the piston.

By the arrangement of the ports and valve mechanism co-acting therewith a construction is presented which provides for the cleansing of the diflerent parts which at times are exposed to the flame, burnt products of combustion and high temperatures. This is accomplished by designing the ports or valve openings in the sleeve 8 so that they will act alternately as admission and exhaust ports, as will be seen in Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive. In Fig. 5, it will be seen that the opening or valve 9 in the sleeve 8 is about to pass between 6 and 6 in the cylinder and cylinder head. In this passage all parts of the opening or valve 9 which were exposed while acting as exhaust port are thoroughly sprayed by the fluid or explosive mixture, during the admission cycle, or while the sleeve 8 is rotating from the position shown in Fig. 5 until it reaches the position shown in Fig. 6, thereby cleansin the exposed parts and preventing the usua accumulations which form around exhaust ports, whereas, in the-case of one port acting continuously as the exhaust, this accumulation prevents the proper functioning of the mechanism, In Fig. 9 it will be seen that valve or port opening 10 in the sleeve 8 has just been exposed to the burnt products of combustion, while it acted as the exhaust port; it will now be seen that when the port 10 reaches the position in which port 9 is in Fig. 5, that it is about to. receive the cleansing spray, as explained above in the case of port 9 .in Figs. 5 and 6. It will also be noted that this invention provides a sub stantially perfect intake and exhaust or scavenging, which is accomplished by the design of the cylinder-head, which is in the 'form, or nearly so, of an inverted cone, so

as to form a cylinder pocket as is shown in Fig. 1. To further provide for a perfect intake and exhaust, the valve or port openings are constructed with their length in the vertical as shown in Fig. 4, the object being to have openings at the highest point of the chamber, so that on the suction or admission of the explosive mixture, or at the end of that stroke or cycle there will bean equal volume of fluid or explosive mixture in the chamber L (Fig. 1) which is not the case where the ports or valve openings are horizontal, and below the highest point in an explosion chamber, due to the suction of the piston, where in the case quoted above, the mixture or charge has to enter at the highest point, thereby insuring a full chamher at the point of cut off. In exhausting the inverted cone of the head extending down in the chamber 4: (Fig. 1) diverts the burnt products of combustion into the pocket at the uppermost point of the charm her 4: and is expelled through the exhaust port, which reaches a point equal to the height of the chamber 4, thereby affording an almost tperfect scavenging of the burnt products 0 combustion during the scavenging or exhaust cycle of the piston.

7 Having thus described my invention I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In an engine of the class described, a cylinder formed with an intake and an exhaust port, a sleeve positioned in said cylinder and coextensive with and slidingly fitting the bore thereof, said sleeve or drum being formed with a plurality of ports, a piston arranged to reciprocate within said sleeve, the entire piston being housed in the sleeve and means projecting from said piston engaging the sleeve for rotating the same in a predetermined ratio so as to cause the ports in the sleeve and in the cylinder to register at difierent times, whereby a proper intake and exhaust is provided.

2. In an explosive engine of the class described, a cylinder formed with an intake port and an outlet port, a rotating sleeve arranged in and coextensive with said cylinder formed with a plurality of ports adapted to be successively brought into register with the ports in said cylinder, said sleeve being also formed in its inner face with a plurality of grooves or ways merging into each other at their extreme ends, a piston, and projections on the piston fitting into said ways and acting against the walls thereof during the reciprocation of the piston for causing a rotary movement of the sleeve.

3. In an explosive engine of the character described, a cylinder formed with an inlet port and an outlet port, a reciprocating piston, a pin radiating from said piston, and a rotating sleeve or drum arranged between said piston and said cylinder, said sleeve or drum being formed with a plurality of ports arranged at approximately one hundred and twenty degrees apart. and of a width approximately of fifteen degrees, said sleeve being also formed with a plurality of ways extending substantially longitudinally of the sleeve and curved in opposite directions at each end, the ends of said ways merging with the next succeeding way, each of said ways being formed so as to co-act with said pin whereby the pin upon each stroke of the piston will advance the sleeve thirty degrees, the ports in said cylinder being set at such anangle apart as to co-act with the ports in the sleeve for providing a proper intake and exhaust.

4. In an explosive engine of the character described, a cylinder formed with an inlet port and an outlet port, said ports being set at approximately one hundred and forty degrees apart, a reciprocating piston, a rotating sleeve arranged in said cylinder and exteriorly of said piston, and means connected with said piston and acting on said sleeve for causing a rotary movement of the sleeve, said sleeve being formed with a plurality of ports set at approximately one hundred and twenty degrees apart.

5. In an explosive engine of the character described, a cylinder provided with an intake and an outlet port, a reciprocating piston, a rotating sleeve arranged in said piston and formed with a plurality of ports designed to at different tim s register with said intake and outlet ports, and means projecting from said piston engaging said sleeve and acting on said sleeve for giving the sleeve a rotary movement as the piston reciprocates, -said sleeve being formed with means co-acting with the means projecting from the piston which will cause the rotation of the sleeve to be intermittent, some of the stationary periods of the sleeve being during the time the ports in the sleeve register with the ports in the cylinder.

6. In an explosive engine of the character described, a cylinder provided with an inlet port and an outlet port, a sleeve rotatably mounted in said cylinder, said sleeve being formed with a plurality of ports adapted to at times register with the ports in the cylinder, said sleeve being also provided with a plurality of cam ways formed with portions inclined at an angle to the general direction of the sleeve and with portions extending parallel with the direction of the sleeve, a reciprocating piston, and means extending from said reciprocating piston engaging said cam ways whereby when said piston is moved said sleeve will be intermittently rotated, said parallel portions of said cam ways being arranged at such an angle apart as to cause the ports in the sleeve to remain stationary when in register with the ports in the cylinder during the travel of the piston from one end to the other end of said parallel portions whereby a free intake and exhaust is provided.

7. In an explosive engine of the character described, a cylinder provided with an inlet port with substantially a 15 opening and an outlet port with substantially a 15 opening,

. a rotating sleeve arranged in said cylinder having inclined portionsextending in a direction substantially annular and for a distance of fifteen degrees, a connected straight portion extending substantially longitudinally of the sleeve connecting said annular curved portions, a piston, and means project ing from said piston and engaging said an nular ways whereby when said piston is operated power will be transmitted to said sleeve for rotating the same, the engagement of said means with said annular curved portions advancing the ports in the sleeve fifteen degrees and the straight portion of said cam ways causing said sleeve to remain stationary notwithstanding the movement of the piston, the arrangement of the annular curved portions of a length of fifteen degrees and the size and arrangement of the ports as above set forth causing the means projecting from said piston into said Ways to move the sleeve fifteen degrees and then hold the sleeve stationary for an appreciable portion of the stroke of the piston, whereby each registering of the ports of the sleeve with the ports of the cylinder will cause the ports to remain open and stationary for an appreciable movement of the piston.

8. In an explosive engine of the character described, a cylinder formed with an inlet port and an outlet port, a rotating sleeve formed with a plurality of ports adapted to be brought into register at difierent times with the ports of the cylinder, said sleeve being also formed with a plurality of ways merging into each other at their extreme ends, each of said ways near their extreme upper and lower ends being set at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the sleeve, and the central portion being arranged parallel to the sleeve, a reciprocating piston, and a pin or lug projecting from the recip rocating piston into said Ways whereby upon the reciprocation of the piston said sleeve will be rotated intermittently, the movement of the sleeve taking place during the first part of the movement of the piston from either of its extreme positions, the sleeve remaining stationary during ,the intermittent portion of the stroke of the piston whereby when any of said ports are brought into register the same will be brought into register upon the first partof the movement of the piston and will" remain in register during the major portion of the stroke of the piston and then be moved out of register during the latter or finishing portion of the stroke.

9.. In an explosive engine of the character described, a cylinder provided with an inlet port and an outlet. port, a head for said cylinder formed with a depending or inwardly projecting portion carrying the spark plug and with a depending or inwardly projecting sleeve spaced from the inner wall of the cylinder, a rotating sleeve mounted in said cylinder and arranged so that a portion of the same will belocated between the cylinder and said inwardly projecting sleeve of said head, said rotatable sleeve being formed with a plurality of ports, a reciprocating piston, and means connected with said reciprocating piston and with the sleeve for rotating the sleeve as the piston is moved.

10. In an explosive engine of the character described, a cylinder formed with an inlet port and an outlet port, a fixed head for the cylinder and attached thereto, formed with a depending drum having an inlet port and an outlet port registering with the ports of the cylinder, a rotating sleeve positioned in said cylinder and formed so that a portion thereof will project between said drum and the cylinder, said sleeve being formed with a plurality of ports designed to at different times register with the ports in said cylinder and in said drum, a reciprocating piston, and means connecting the piston and the sleeve for causing a rotary movement of the sleeve as the piston is operated.

11. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder provided with an extension forming a guide, a sleeve fitting within the cylinder and guide throughout the entire length of said cylinder and guide and rotatable therein, said sleeve and cylinder being provided with ports adapted to be brought into registry, a piston reciprocable within and fitting said sleeve, said sleeve being provided with cam grooves, pins carried by said piston and working in said grooves, for causing a continual rotation of said sleeve in one direction as said piston is reciprocated.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

DAVID DUFFY.

Witnesses:

A. L. KITCHIN, PHILIP D. ROLLHAUS. 

